Crusher



Aug. 27, 1940. s. F. ossms ET AL 2,212,616

CRUSHEH Filed April 20, 1937 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 //v v5/v TORS STAN LEY F Ossmca,

AND

I OSCAR J. FE IG H-r,

ATT'Y S. F. OSSING ET AL Aug. 27, 1940.

CRUSHER Filed April 20, 1937 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 AND OSCAR J. FEIGHT,

A TT'Y Patented Aug. 27, 1940 UNITED STATES caesium Stanley F. Ossing and Oscar J. Feight, Columbus, Ohio, assignors to The Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, a corporation of Ohio Application April 20, 1937, SerialNo. 137,996

8 Claims.

This invention relates to a single roll crusher designed particularly for preparing coal for use in domestic stokers.

An object of the invention is to provide an improved type of single roll crusher which will crush coal and produce a minimum amount of over-size and a minimum amount of under-size material with a very high percentage of the produce within the desired range, for example, as is useful for domestic stokers.

Another object of the invention is to provide a crusher with removable primary crushing and feeding teeth and with integral reducing teeth, the former being so attached to removable segments of the roll as to insure their being rigidly held in place.

Another object of the invention is to provide a crusher of the above mentioned type in which the allowable clearance between the large Another object of the invention is to provide a crusher roll in which there is an absence of non-reducing surface usually present due to attaching bolts.

A further object of the invention is to provide a removable shoe for a breaker plate in a single roll crusher which has an extended area of'contact with the reducing teeth of said roll. a

Another object of the invention is to provid an improved form of removable segments for a crusher roll. Still another object of the invention is to pro- I vide an improved removable tooth construction for a crusher.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved attaching bolt for, attaching the crusherxoll segments to the roll frame.

Other objects of the invention will appear here- Fig. 3 is a sectional elevational view taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a portion of a removable shoe forming part of the breaker plate;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of Fig. 4 looking in the direction of the arrows; i

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line 6Ii of Fig. 4 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 'l is a transverse sectional view taken along the line 1-1 of Fig. 4 looking in the direction 10 of the arrows;

Fig. 8 is a side elevational view of a bolt comprising one feature of our invention;

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the head of the bolt of Fig. 8; 4 15 Fig. 10 is a plan view of a segment of the crusher roll;

Fig. llis a sectional view taken along the line llll of Fig. 10 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken along the'line l2-I2 of Fig. 10 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 13 is a detail view showing a tooth receiving pocket taken along the line I 3l3 of Fig. 10 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 14 is a side elevational view of an improved removable tooth comprising one feature of our invention;

Fig. 15 is a front elevational view of the tooth of Fig. 14';

Fig. 16 is a plan view showing the construction of one of the pyramidal teeth formed integral with the segment shown in Figs. 10, 11 and 12.

Fig. 17 is a front elevational view of the tooth of Fig. 16;

Fig. 18 is a plan view of one of the spear point teeth formed integral with the segments shown in Figs. 10, 11 and 12;and

Fig. 19 is a front elevational view of the tooth of Fig. 18.

The increased use of domestic stokers has increased substantially the demand for coal having a size range of minus one inch (1") ring size and plus one-quarter inch 2 ring size. In some instances the high limit is set at one and one-quarter inch (1%") ring size rather than one inch (1") ring size. It is extremely desirable that coal with this desired range be produced without producing any appreciable amount of over-size or plus one inch (1") ring and also without producing any appreciable amount of under-size or minus one-quarter inch 4") ring.

It has been found that the available and known forms of crushers do not satisfactorily meet these requirements for there is a tendency to produce entirely too much over-size and also to produce entirely too much under-size. After extended experimentation we have found that the device comprising our invention is extremely eiificient and actual tests have demonstrated that not more than ten percent of the product was plus a belt, in a well-known manner.

one inch (1") ring and approx mately ten percent (10%) was minus one-quarter inch (MW) ring, leaving approximately eighty percent (80%) of the finished product within the desired range of minus one inch (1") ring and plus onequarter inch 7 ring. The crusher,'as hereinafter described, includes the structural features which have been found to produce these extremely desirable results, as above set forth.

'Referring particularly to Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings, it is seen that the crusher comprising our invention includes a main frame 20 formed by rigidly connected spaced side members 2|, 2| provided with journal boxes 22, 22 between which extends a roll 23 mounted upon a shaft 24 which, at one end, carries a master gear 25 which meshes with a spur drive gear 25 mounted upon a counter-shaft 21 supported in journal boxes 28, 28 carried by side members 2|, 2|. The counter-shaft 21 carries a combined fly wheel and drive pulley 29 which may be driven from any suitable source of power through It is thus obvious that, upon rotation of the combined fly wheel and drive pulley 29 in the direction of the arrow 30, the roll 23 will be rotated at a reduced speed in the direction of the arrow 3 Carried upon the main frame 20 is a housing forming a reducing chamber 32 having a wide open bottom, as seen at 33, and formed by side plates 34 to the interior of which are attached removable wear plates 35 (see Fig. 3), removably attached as by nuts and bolts 36. The top front portion of the reducing chamber 32 is closed by a removable plate I35 which is attached to a feed hopper 31 which directs material to said reducing chamber 32.,

Pivotally attached to the rear end of the crusher and cooperating with the roll 23 to form the maw or throat leading to the crushing zone is a heavy breaker plate 38 pivoted at its top to a transversely extending shaft 39 and carrying at its bottom a transversely extending shaft 40 with which cooperate a pair of tie rods 4|, 4|, one at each end thereof, which are attached to the side members 2|, 2| of the main frame 20 through sleeves 42, 42 and coil spring means 43, 43. Appropriate holding and lock nut means 44, 44 cooperate with .each of the tie rods 4| and coil springs 43 to complete the adjustable connection between said tie rods 4|, 4| and the main frame 20.

In addition, a transversely extending rod 45 extends through elongated arcuate slots 46 in side wings of the breaker plate 38 and through appropriate holes in the side members 2|, 2| of the main frame. Rod 45 is provided with appropriate nuts at each end and may be clamped to hold the breaker plate 38 in position. However, due to the elongated slots 46 pivotal move-* ment of the breaker plate 38 about the shaft 39 is permitted to relieve a serious overload as, for example, when a piece of iron becomes caught in the crusher. As will be hereinafter described, the coil springs 43 will return the breaker plate 38 to its normal operating position should the above mentioned overload occur.

Adjacent the bottom and forming part of the breaker plate 33 there is provided a removable wear shoe 41, the construction of which is illustrated in detail in Figs. 4, 5, 6 and I, and described hereinafter. The removable wear shoe 4'! may be formed in one or more pieces and is provided with bolt receiving holes 43 countersunk to accommodate bolt heads so that said bolt heads will not project beyond the top of the wear shoe, which wear shoe 4'! is held removably attached to the breaker plate 34, as by nuts and bolts 43.

Before proceeding with the description of the wear shoe 41, attention is directed to the construction of the roll 23. The roll- 24 comprises a cylindrical drum or frame 50 connected to a central hub 5| by a plurality of spaced sets of appropriate spokes or webs 52, which hub 5| is keyed to the shaft 24.

Removabiy attached to the surface of the drum 5|l is a plurality of cylindrical segments 53 of which there are six in the ilustretion given, said segments 53 being illustrated in detail in Figs. 10, 11 and 12.

Each of said segments 53 is formed by an integral casting of manganese steel and thus is extremely hard. Each of said segments 53 is provided at each comer with a bolt receiving hole 54 having a recess 55 to receive the headof a a special bolt 56, hereinafter described in full detail, which is provided with appropriate nuts to clamp the segment rigidly and removably to the cylindrical drum 50, while at the same time preserving the continuity of the reducing teeth over substantially the entire working surface of the roll 23.

Attention is now directed particularly to the integral reducing teeth carried by the surface of each segment 53. Said reducing teeth are formed by alternate transversely extending rows of pyramidal teeth '51 and spear point teeth 58. As clearly illustrated in Fig. 10 of the drawings, if. a transverse line is drawn parallel with the axis about which the segment 53 rotates when mounted upon the roller 23, it will be noted that it may be drawn through a continuous line of pyramidal teeth 51 or a continuous line of spear point teeth 58. It is further evident that adjacent rows of these teeth are of the alternate type, that is, one row will be of pyramidal teeth, the next row of spear point teeth, the next row of pyramidal teeth, etc.

It is furthermore to be noted that along any diameter of the roll 23 a plane may be passed either through a circumferential row of pyramidal teeth or a circumferential row of spear point teeth. Furthermore, there is a very important relation between the spacing of these teeth and their height and the size range of the material desired to be produced. For example, as was above mentioned, it is frequently desirable to produce a large amount of coal ranging from minus to one inch (1") ring to plus one-quarter inch 0A") ring. For such a product we have found that the distance between the axial center lines of any two adjacent teeth should be approximately one inch (1").

point tooth, is also one inch (1"). In other words, the distance between the axial center lines of any two acflacent reducing teeth is approximately-equal to the largest ring size of the ded sired product. If a larger average product is desired, this spacing will be increased and if a smaller average product is desired, this spacing will be reduced.

Furthermore, the height of the teeth 51 and I 58 is important and we have found that for the range above mentioned, the height of said teeth is preferably approximately five-eights of an inch and in no case is less than'one-half inch. In other words, it is approximately equal to, and preferably not less than, half the dimension of the largest ringsize of the desired 'product.

By reference to Figs. 10, 16, 17, 18 and 19, the differences between the pyramidal teeth and spear point teeth will be evident. The pyramidal teeth have a rectangular base with sides which terminate in a relatively blunt point. During rotation of the roll 23 the leading face of the pyramidal teeth is flat. Spear point teeth have a base which 2?) is a parallelogram but not a rectangle, and a,

leading cutting or splitting edge is provided during rotation of the roll 23. The particular combination of pyramidal teeth and spear point teeth, above described, has been 3% found to be very effective to reduce coal to the range of minus one inch (1") ring and plus one quarter inch 4") ring. It has been found that the essential action of the teeth 51, 58 is a piercing or splitting action rather than an attrition, mashment 53 is provided with a plurality of equally spaced receiving sockets 60, five in the embodiment ofv our invention illustrated, each formed by a irusto-conical portion ill (see Fig. 13), communicating with a top opening 62 formed by spaced on parallel walls. It is also to be particularly noted that an integral web 63 forms the bottom of the receiving socket St for a function hereinafter described in full detail.

Received by each of the sockets 6i! and thus held rigidly with and by the segments 53 is a large primary crushing and feeding tooth 6t. Each of said teeth M comprises a main body portion 65 which tapers in thickness gradually from a line 66 to the tip 67. Formed as an incotegral part of each tooth 64 is a frusto-conical base 68 which vtapers from the leading face 69,

of the receiving socket 653 which receives it, that said tooth 6t will be locked rigidly in' said socket by a wedging action, upon the baseSB being 70 inserted in said socket 60. p I

It' is furthermore to be particularly noted that during rotation of the roll 23 the drivingforces.

received by the teeth 64 will tend to drive them securely, into the socket G0 and thus lock them 7m in very tight. This has very important consem'aximum width of the groove l2 i's'thirteen-six- 'teenths (filof aninch. I

quences because it permits a construction in which there is a minimum of clearance between the teeth 84 and the hereinafter described grooves of the wear shoe 41, a consequence of which is that there is a minimum of over-size product by 9 virtue of the fact that the coal cannot pass through the maw of the reducing chamber until properly reduced. Moreover, each tooth or cutting tool 64 is individually removable and can be quickly replaced by a sharpened tool.

It is furthermore to be particularly noted that the integral web 63 forming the bottom of the receiving socket 60 prevents any contact what-. ever between the tooth 64 and the cylindrical drum or frame 50 (Fig. 3). As a consequence, I there is no wearing out whatever of said drum or frame 50. Furthermore, the tooth 64 is preferably cast as a unit of extremely hard manganese steel and it receives no machine treatment whatever after being formed. Likewise, the segments 53 receive no machine treatment whatever after being formed. A consequence of this is greatly reduced cost while at. the same time producing extremely strong and rugged reducing parts of the roll 23.

When the segments 53 are assembled with the teeth 64 in place, it will be evident that should any tooth 64 become loose in the socket 60 due to extreme wear, it will be prevented from coming out of said socket 60 by virtue of the fact that the trailing face or edge of each segment contacts the leading faces of the frusto-conical bases 68* of the teeth 64.

Another important. feature of our construction lies in the fact that to remove the teeth 64 it is only necessary to remove alternate ones or half of the segments 53 as this obviously makes all of said teeth removable.

In order to provide for the continuity oi the reducing pyramidal and speared teeth 51, 58 over the entire working area of the roll 23 we provide the special bolts 56, seen in Figs. 8 and 9, having square heads Ti adapted to be received by the aforementioned recesses 55 with the shanks thereof extending through the holes 5%, which 45 bolts, of course, removably clamp the segments '53 rigidly within the cylindrical drum or frame 50. Said square heads H are provided with appropriate pyramidal and spear point teeth 57 and 58. Ed

in addition to the structure previously described,

has a plurality of spaced grooves 12 which have spaced side walls which are almost parallel, being only slightly tapered so the shoes All can be cast. an

The width of the grooves 12 is only slightly greaterthan the width of the teeth 64 which travel in them and, in pratice, we provide only a ,clearance of one-eighth inch 0A on each side I between the teeth 64 and the walls of the grooves 12. In addition, both the teeth 64 and the grooves 12 are relatively narrow so that 'large'particles of coal cannot fall from the reducing chamber 32 through said grooves 12. In practicefwe prefer- .yably; make the maximum width of the grooves 12 less thanthe largest ring size of the desired product. For example, where the largest ring size of the desired product is one inch-(1) the It may additionally be pointed out that to provide the above mentioned clearance between the tooth 64 and the walls of the groove E2, the width of the tooth 641 is preferably approximately one-half inch /2") at the tip and not over five-eighths of an inch at its widest portion, excepting, of course, for the base 88.

In order to insure a substantially complete reduction of the material, such as coal, with a minimum of over-size we have extended the wear shoe ll and provided it withbearing surfaces it each of which is formed as a segment of a cylinder, the axis of which is the axis of rotation of the shaft 26, said bearing surfaces of said segments 73 preferably extending through at least ten degrees and, as illustrated in the drawings, through fifteen degrees as measured by the distance d (Figs. 3 and 6). In the operation of the device each of the bearing surfaces l3 preferably contacts, or substantially contacts, the tips of the reducing teeth 57, 58, and thus reduced material is required to travel through an arc of not less than ten degrees, and preferably fifteen degrees, before it'is discharged through the open bottom 33 of the reducing chamber 32.

In the operation of the device comprising our invention, material, such as coal, is fed into the feed hopper 37 after the roll 23 has been set into rotation in an obvious manner. The large primary crushing and feeding teeth M will cooperate with breaker plate 38 first to reduce any large particles of coal to a smaller size and then draw them into the throat or maw of the reducing chamber 32.

As the thus preliminarily fractured and the smaller particles of coal are drawn to the bottom of the throat or maw, they will be pierced and cracked by the action of the reducing teeth 51, 58 and shoe til. In this compartment the large teeth Gil will be effective to feed the coal into the bottom portion of said maw or throat, thereby to insure a continuous reducing action and a discharging of the properly reduced material through the open bottom 33.

As was above pointed out, in view of the particular construction and arrangement of the pyramidal and spear pointed teeth 5? and 58, there will be produced a product which is substantially eighty percent (80%) within the desired range which, for example, may be minus one inch (1") ring, plus one-quarter inch A") ring though, of course, this range may be extended in either direction by appropriate redesigning and spacing, as above set forth.

To insure against any appreciable amount of over-size, the width of the large teeth 66 is maintained at approximately half the size of the largest desired particles, and the width of the grooves 12 through which the teeth at travel during operation, is maintained at a value less than the size of the largest particle.

In addition, to insure complete fracture of large particles, each bearing area 13 in excess of ten degrees, and preferably as high as fifteen degrees, is provided adjacent the discharge edge of the open bottom 33 by the wear shoe i 'i.

If it is desired to feed a relatively small size of coal, such as nut size, to the crusher. it is not essential to employ the large primary crushing and feed teeth M, and these may be omitted. However, they are generally to be preferred not only fortheir primary crushing action but also for the feeding action which they produce.

I It is also to be noted that due to the particular construction of the bolts 56 with the heads H,

there is a complete continuity of reducing teeth over substantially the entire working surface of the roll 23. g

It is further to be noted that the removable primary crushing and feeding teeth M are held rigidly in place solely by the cooperation between said teeth, which are of cast manganese steel, and the segments 53, which are also of cast manganese steel; and that the roll 28 in operation, tends to aid the locking relation between them. It is also to be noted that the mounting of the teeth til not only provides for an entirely rigid mounting thereof but prevents any wea whatever of said teeth as on the cylindrical drum or frame as.

If, during the operation of said device, an irreducible particle of material, such as steel, should be caught in the maw of the reducing chamber 32, the breaker plate 38 will pivot about the shaft 3t against the action of the springs t3 and of the clamping rod 35 to prevent damage to the crusher. Once this irreducible matter has been discharged through the open bottom 83 the springs :13 will return the breaker plate 863 to its normal operating position. It may be mentioned that the springs 33 are of such strength that there is no appreciable tendency whatever for coal to swing the breaker plate 38.

In the preferred form of our crusher the roll 23 is fabricated to include the removable segments 53. However, said segments 53 may be formed integral with the drum lit in which case sockets to are formed in bosses on the roll 23, or have an axis at an angle to a tangent to said roll 23.

Obviously those skilled in the art may make various changes in the details and arrangement of parts without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims hereto appended, and we therefore wish not to be restricted to the precise construction herein disclosed.

Having thus described and shown an embodh ment of our invention, what we desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In a crusher, the combination with a breaker plate having grooves, of a roll having elongated crushing teeth passing into said grooves during operation and having rows alternately of pyramidal and spear point reducing teeth each row extending substantially along an axial plane of said roll, the distance between the axial center lines of any two adjacent reducing teeth being approximately equal to the largest ring size of the desired product and the axial height of all reducing teeth being approximately equal to half said ring size.

2. In a crusher, the combination with a breaker plate, of a roll cooperating therewith to reduce material comprising a plurality of removable crusher segments carried by a frame and having removable teeth, said removable teeth each having a tapering base the axis of which is substantially along a tangent to said roll and tapering from the leading face to the trailing face, sockets in the leading edge of each of said segments having axes which are substantially along a tangent to said roll, said sockets receiving said teeth bases and locking said teeth in place, the trailing edge of each segment being positioned adjacent the leading edge of each following segment to preclude any tooth being removed while all the segments are in place.

3. In a crusher, the combination with a roll, of a breaker plate cooperating therewith, said roll comprising a frame, a plurality of removable segments on said frame, each of said segments having a leading edge and a trailing edge, sockets in the leading edges of said segments, removable teeth having attaching bases carried in said sockets, the trailing edges of said segments preventing removal of said teeth when said segments are attached to said frame, and means removably attaching said segments to said frame.

4. A crusher rotor comprising a frame carrying a plurality of removable cylindrical segments, each of said segments having a tapered receiving socket in its leading edge, a removable tooth for each socket having a base received therein, and means removably attaching said segments to said frame with the leading edge of each segment closely adjacent the trailing edge of the adjacent segment to prevent removal of said teeth while said segments are attached to said frame.

5. A crusher rotor comprising a frame carrying a plurality of removable cylindrical segments, each of saidsegments having a receiving socket in its leading edge, a removable tooth for each socket having a base received therein, and means removably attaching said segments to' said frame with the leading edge of each segment closely adjacent the trailing edge of the adjacent segment to prevent removal of said teeth while said segments are attached to said frame.

6. In a crusher, the combination with a breaker plate, of a roll cooperating therewith to reduce material comprising a frame, a plurality of removable hardened'metal cylindrical segments,

each of said segments having a tapered receiving in its leading edge, a removable tooth for each socket having a base received therein, and means removably attaching said segments to said frame with the leading edge of each'seg'ment closely adjacent the trailing edge of the adjacent segment to prevent removal of said teeth while said segments are attached to said frame.

8. In a crusher, the combination with a breaker plate, of a roll cooperating therewith to reduce material comprising a plurality of removable crusher segments carried by a frame, removable teeth each having a base, a socket in the leading edge of each of said segments, said sockets receiving said teeth bases and locking said teeth in place, the trailing edge of each segment being positioned adjacent the leading edge of each fol- I lowing segment to preclude any tooth being reso moved while all the segments are in place.

STANLEY r. oss'mq. OSCAR J; mam. 

